Rome 4

Caesar seizing power
      serves as consul (one year)
      appoints himself governor of Gaul
      Pompey is  jealous, become his rival
            Caesar's armies clash with Pompey's in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt

Caesar's reforms
      granted citizenship to people in provinces
      expanded the Senate, adding his friend
      created jobs for poor - public work projects
      increase pay for soldiers
      start colonies where those without land could own property

Assassination
      the senators saw Caesar's rise in power as a huge threat to their politician viability
      stabbing him 23 times
      senators were not punished even Brutus
      Octavius was named Julius Caesar's sole heir
      end of republic

Aftermath to the murder
      Julius Caesar's grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavius takes over at the age if 18
            Mary Antony - experienced general
            Lepidus - powerful politicians
      Second Triumvirate

A doomed alliance
      Octavian forces  Lepidus to refire
      He and Mark Antony - rivals
      Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt
            Personally
            Politically
            Economically
      Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium

Octavian on his own
      unchallenged ruler of Rome
            honorifie "Augustus"
      title "imperator"
            supreme military commander
      EMPIRE, not republic

Augustus
      27 BC-AD 14 (41 years)
      expand empire
      died of natural course

Tiberius
      AD 14 - AD 37
      excellent general
      after death of his son, exiled himself
      died at age 77

Caligula
      AD 37 - AD 41
      cruelty, insane tyrant
      assasinate - group of praetorian guards
      try to re-establish the republic

Claudius
      AD 41 - AD 54
      suffer from many infirmities ruled well - start conquest Britain
      died by poisoning

Nero
      54 - 68
      emphasize arts
      wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic
      raid temple for money
      not a good ruler

Rome 3

a chang in rule
      Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians
      military generals worked that angle

nobody did that better than Caesar
      Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE)
      a highly successful general
      he conquered the huge territory of Gaul

he could play the game (of politics)
      made common folks happy
      made friends in high places
          Pompey (general that conquered Syria and Palestine)
          Crassus (richest man, one of the richest men in all history)
      these three men formed the First Triumvirate (rule of three men)

crossing the Rubicon

MUSIC TRIP

economic change, social upheaval

 - by the end of the second century BCE, over million slaves

 - small farmers lost their land to aristocrats

 - slave did the work for the rich

 - big farms called Latifundia

poor plebs (literally)

 - bread and circuses - free grain, entertainment, keep them alive, keep them quiet

Rome 2

"no legal rights"
      - plebs were victims of discriminating decisions in judicial trials
      - no actual laws
      - patricians - own advantage
Pleb refuse to serve in the military until
      - laws were written out (The Law of the Twelve Tables)
      - laws were posted in public
      - tribunes (tribal leaders) were elected

SPQR - Senatus Populusque Romanum
      - designates any degree or decision made by "the Roman Senate and People"

res publica - the people's affairs
      - democracy  (people's assembly and the tribunes)
      - aristocracy (the Senate)
      - plus monarchy (a mistake the Romans did not care to repeat)

Government ancient Roman/USA
      - the US. modeled their new government by ancient Romans
      - three branches of government
        - executive
        - legislative
        - judicial

That's a Roman legion, clear as day
      - 500 soldiers, not in it for pay (not yet)
      - group of eighty's a century
      - on horseback is the cavalry
      - shield, sword, dragger, and armor and tunic

The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)
      - Rome vs. Carthage
      - three wars

First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
      - naval loattles for control of the strategically located island of S

Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
      - 29 years Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
      - attacks Rome from the NORTH

Third Punic War - final (149-146 BCE)
      - Rome remove the threat of Carthage
      - Carthage burned for 17 days
      - 50,000 people were sold into slavery

Rome

who settled Rome?
 - Etruscans: came from north-central part of the peninsula
                     metalworkers, artists, architects
 - Greeks: had many colonies around Mediterranean Sea
                Romans borrows idea:
                    religious belief
                    alphabet
                    art
                    military techniques and weaponry

First settled
  Latins
      descendants of Indo-Europeans
      settled banks of the Tiber
      reade ships
      commercial port
      built on seven hills

Tarquin's kinda proud, but he got a little loud
      Lucius Tarquinias Superbus
      seventh and final king of Rome
      known as Tarquin the Proud
      true tyrant

Rule of king replaced by rule of two consuls
      consuls are elected officials
      term: one year
      always aristocrats (patricians)
      traded from a famous ancestor or pater ("father")

challenge "regular folks"
      fifty century BCE, patricians dominance challenged
                                    by the pleb ("people")
      pleb=98%
        - plebs serve in army
          not hold office
        - threatened with debt slavery
        - no legal rights

our project

Patricians were the people who ruled Rome.™These rich landowners ran the Senate and held the powerful government jobs, they handled Rome’s finances and directed its wars.
™Despite some gains for the Plebeians, many people became very angry and frustrates about this situation.™Rome had few privileged citizens compared with the many Romans who farmed small plots of land.™In the late 100’s B.C.E. however these farmers were sinking into poverty and debt.™Many of them had been unable to farm there land because they were off fighting Rome’s wars, this meant that they made no money.™™Others had suffered damage to their farms during Hannibal’s invasion of Italy, remember he sacked the country side as he moved throughout Italy.Moreover, small farmers could not compete with wealthy Romans who were buying up land to create Latifundia.™Latifundia – were large farming estates, basically gigantic farms.™These rich landowners used a new source of labor, the thousands of prisoners brought to Italy due to the many Roman wars.™By using these enslaved people to tend their crops, wealthy Romans could force owners of small farms out of business.™Faced with debts they could not pay off, many farmers sold their land and headed to the cities, desperate for work.™However, jobs were hard to find, because slaves did most of the work. ™If free men were lucky enough to be hired, they earned low wages.™These conditions created widespread anger all across Rome. ™Roman politicians were worried about riots breaking out, but they quickly turned the situation to their advantage.
™™To win the votes of the poor. They began providing cheap food and entertainment, this policy was known as “Bread and Circuses” and helped dishonest rulers come to power.  

1st day after Easter

We were having a hard time doing the project during Easter. Ivy's mum was here so she don't have a lot of time to communicate with me and Vicky. At first we decided to talk about it on Monday and Ivy said she have time but Vicky and I wait for her for 2 days and finally she reply to us. I think everyone will be at lease a little bit upset when you have to wait for someone for 2 days. Ivy said she wanted to do the poor so I did the rich. We didn't really know what to do for the video but I think we should just summarized the information on paper (more pictures). We recorded the paper and our explanation about it and give the videos to Vicky on Thursday for her to put it together. Because Ivy can only did the work at night so I have to wait for her and I sleep really early...
But anyway, we finished the project!!