Rome 4

Caesar seizing power
      serves as consul (one year)
      appoints himself governor of Gaul
      Pompey is  jealous, become his rival
            Caesar's armies clash with Pompey's in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt

Caesar's reforms
      granted citizenship to people in provinces
      expanded the Senate, adding his friend
      created jobs for poor - public work projects
      increase pay for soldiers
      start colonies where those without land could own property

Assassination
      the senators saw Caesar's rise in power as a huge threat to their politician viability
      stabbing him 23 times
      senators were not punished even Brutus
      Octavius was named Julius Caesar's sole heir
      end of republic

Aftermath to the murder
      Julius Caesar's grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavius takes over at the age if 18
            Mary Antony - experienced general
            Lepidus - powerful politicians
      Second Triumvirate

A doomed alliance
      Octavian forces  Lepidus to refire
      He and Mark Antony - rivals
      Mark Antony partners up with Cleopatra of Egypt
            Personally
            Politically
            Economically
      Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium

Octavian on his own
      unchallenged ruler of Rome
            honorifie "Augustus"
      title "imperator"
            supreme military commander
      EMPIRE, not republic

Augustus
      27 BC-AD 14 (41 years)
      expand empire
      died of natural course

Tiberius
      AD 14 - AD 37
      excellent general
      after death of his son, exiled himself
      died at age 77

Caligula
      AD 37 - AD 41
      cruelty, insane tyrant
      assasinate - group of praetorian guards
      try to re-establish the republic

Claudius
      AD 41 - AD 54
      suffer from many infirmities ruled well - start conquest Britain
      died by poisoning

Nero
      54 - 68
      emphasize arts
      wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic
      raid temple for money
      not a good ruler